Dalam reverensi di bawah ini ada berita yg menyebutkan :
1. Hanya ada satu reaktor nuklir yg dibangun di luar Asia sejaktragedi Chernobyl
2. Tidak ada reaktor nuklir baru yg dibangun di Amerika Serikat sejak 1978
3. Jerman akan menutup 19 reaktor nuklir mereka
4. Swedia dan belgia juga melakukan hal yang sama
Ada pertentangan antara 2 badan PBB, yaitu WHO dan IAEA (InternationalAtomic Energy Agency). Pengungkapan tragedi Chernobyl oleh WHO akanmembawa dampak keras bagi kelangsungan industri pembangun PLTN,silahkan lihat lebih lanjut di :
www.nwa-schweiz.ch/Tschernobyl-Filme.8.0.html
Masalahnya, IAEA adalah lembaga yg berada dalam wewenang Dewankeamanan sedangkan WHO berada dalam lembaga dewan sosial PBB; jadiposisi IAEA lebih kuat.
wiryo
ekonomi nasional
http://quote.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000103&sid=a7H9aADuDS7k&refer=news_index
Last Updated: April 17, 2005 20:45 EDT GE Lobbies China to Get Into Fastest-Growing Nuclear Market April 18 (Bloomberg) -- Andrew White, head of General Electric Co.'snuclear unit, is lobbying China to accept a design used in a fifth ofthe world's reactors to catch up with Areva SA in the world'sfastest-growing market.China's insistence on so-called pressurized-water reactors that runhalf the world's nuclear plants is preventing GE from offering itsboiling-water technology, White said in an interview in Beijing.GE is counting on China to revive reactor sales after the Fairfield,Connecticut-based company completes its only existing project toinstall two units in Taiwan. China may account for half the 70gigawatts of new nuclear power capacity built around the world overthe next 15 years, White said.``There's not much we can do until we're allowed to bid,'' White said.``We'll be lucky to get into the next round of bidding.''China's plan to increase its nuclear-power capacity to 36,000megawatts by 2020 will require an estimated 27 new 1,000-megawattreactors costing about $2 billion each, according to a Septemberestimate by Yu Jianfeng, a director at China National Nuclear Corp.GE and Monroeville, Pennsylvania-based Westinghouse Electric Co. wereprevented until 2004 from selling reactors in China as Paris-basedAreva, the world's largest builder of nuclear reactors, and Russia'sAtomStroyExport won contracts.`Playing Catch-Up' ``We're playing catch up,'' White said. ``We're in the position wherewe are because we were late into the game.''The U.S. had restricted exports of advanced technology to China sincethe 1989 crackdown on pro-democracy demonstrations, when the Chinesearmy fired on student protestors.China needs to add two reactors a year to meet a target of generating4 percent of its power from nuclear plants by 2020, in contrast withthe U.S. and Europe, where environmental and safety concerns havehalted reactor construction.China didn't invite GE to bid for an $8 billion contract that closedon Feb. 28 to build four reactors, White said. Areva, AtomStroyExportand Westinghouse Electric Co., the U.S. unit of state-owned BritishNuclear Fuels Plc and Areva are vying for the business.China's insistence on the transfer of nuclear technology and a shareof ownership of nuclear plants also delayed GE's entry into themarket, White said.Single Technology ``They want to standardize on one single technology and they want tofeel comfortable they can execute the technology transfer,'' Whitesaid. ``For the first number of reactors, they decided on a similarmodel to what Korea uses, where they decided to standardize.''GE is intensifying efforts to educate the Chinese government,utilities and universities about its boiling-water technology andraising awareness that the company is ``in the nuclear industry,''White said.China's four nuclear power plants, which account for 1.7 percent ofthe country's electricity needs, use pressurized- water technologyfrom France, Russia and Canada.China is leading a revival in nuclear power among developing countriesincluding India as developed nations such as the U.S. and Germanyhalted their nuclear programs because of concerns about safety andenvironmental risks, highlighted by the 1986 Chernobyl reactoraccident in the Ukraine.
Chernobyl
Only one reactor order has been placed outside Asia since Chernobyl,by Finland in 2003, according to the World Nuclear Association.Finland paid $3.7 billion for a model from Areva's Framatome ANPnuclear-reactor unit, a venture with Germany's Siemens AG.GE, which has in the past been ``more conservative and reserved''about nuclear energy, is pushing harder for sales as engineers developa ``next generation'' of reactors and build a proven safety record,White said.``Now, we've been openly talking about nuclear as being part of ourbalanced portfolio of energy solutions,'' White said. ``I think ourCEO and our boards of directors are much more supportive today thanmaybe they were several years ago.''Jeffrey Immelt became chief executive officer of the world'ssecond-biggest company by market value in 2001.No nuclear plants have been ordered in the U.S. since 1978, accordingto the Vienna-based International Atomic Energy Agency. Germany agreedin 2000 to permanently close its 19 nuclear power plants over the nexttwo decades, after Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder met an election pledgeto phase out nuclear power.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/nuclear/page/nuc_reactors/reactsum2b.html
Belgium, Commercial Nuclear Industry ofIn 2003, nuclear power supplied 55.5 percent of Belgium's electricity output. Belgium's nuclear industry has a long history, with the country'sfirst prototype reactor commissioned in 1962. Although reactorssupply more than half of Belgium's electricity output, the future ofthe nuclear industry is very uncertain. In January 2003, an Act waspassed barring the construction of any new nuclear plants in Belgiumand establishing a limit of 40 years for the operating lives ofBelgian reactors.[4] But the government faces a problem alreadyplaguing other countries intent on phasing out their nuclearindustries: most notably Germany and Sweden. If nuclear power iscurtailed, what will replace it? Choose fossil fuels and the task ofobtaining sufficient supplies and improving air quality standardsbecomes more difficult. Choose renewables, and the problems mayinclude changes in the weather and the resources required to buildenough units.Belgian law limits nuclear power reactor operation to 40 years. Theoldest reactors in Belgium (three units) were completed in 1975, thenewest in 1985. The law thus has no anticipated impact for anotherdecade, but closes all operating reactors by 2025. The closureschedule appears impractical and expensive to achieve. Nuclear powernow provides 56% of Belgium's electricity, thus a sizable share ofcapacity would need to be replaced during 2015-2025 under the law. None of this replacement is related to the condition or safety of theplants. The closure law was passed during Green Party participationin a coalition that no longer exists. Other parties in Belgium havemixed views on nuclear power with some favoring nuclear power and nonebut the small Greens favoring inflexibly closing existing units. Thepresent government is reassessing the closure policy and intends tosoften the law. The law includes force majeure clauses that allowoperation beyond the nominal closure dates. Projections thus acceptthe direction of existing nuclear power law but not the schedule. Tworeactors are allowed to operate beyond 2025. No construction isprojected.[5]· Reactors in Belgium: This table, based mainly on data fromthe International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna, Austria, providesthe following information on the country's reactors: names, types,net capacity, date construction began, date of grid connection, datethat commercial operation began, and the operating utility, agency, orcompany.·
Energy industries and markets in Belgium: The Country EnergyBalance, contains statistics on all major fuel markets in Belgium.
